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Show / Hide Table of Contents
  • Programmer's Guide
  • Setting Up Development Environment
    • .NET
      • Client API Prerequisites
      • Server-side API Prerequisites
    • Java
      • Client API Prerequisites
    • Python
      • Client API Prerequisites
    • Node.js
      • Client API Prerequisites
  • Client Side API Programming
    • Error Handling
    • Troubleshooting
    • Cache Keys and Data
    • How to Connect to Cache
    • Basic Operations - An Overview
      • Add Data
      • Update/Insert Data
      • Retrieve Data
      • Remove Data
    • Groups
      • Overview
      • Add/Update Data with Groups
      • Retrieve Data with Groups
      • Remove Data with Group
      • Search Group Data Using SQL
      • Delete Group Data Using SQL
    • Tags
      • Overview
      • Add/Update Data with Tags
      • Retrieve Data with Tags
      • Remove Data with Tags
      • Search Tag Data Using SQL
      • Delete Tag Data Using SQL
    • Named Tags
      • Overview
      • Add/Update Data with Named Tags
      • Remove Data with Named Tags
      • Search Data with Named Tags Using SQL
      • Delete Data with Named Tags Using SQL
    • Expirations
      • Overview
      • Absolute Expiration
      • Sliding Expiration
    • Data Dependency
      • Key Dependency
      • Multi-Cache Dependency
    • Dependency on Database
      • SQL Server
      • Oracle
      • OleDB with Polling
      • CLR Procedures in SQL Server
    • Dependency on External Source
      • File Dependency
      • Custom Dependency
      • Aggregate Dependency
    • Locks
      • Types of Locking
      • Pessimistic Locking
      • Optimistic Locking
    • SQL Query
      • Overview
      • Define Indexes Programmatically
      • Query with ExecuteReader and ExecuteScalar
      • Delete Data with ExecuteNonQuery
      • SQL Reference
    • LINQ Query
      • Overview
      • LINQ Query for Objects
      • LINQ Reference
    • Data Structures
      • Overview
      • List
      • Queue
      • Set
      • Dictionary
      • Counter
      • Invalidation Attributes
      • Searchable Attributes
      • Query on Data Structures
      • Remove from Data Structure
    • Events
      • Overview
      • Cache Level Events
      • Item Level Events
      • Management Level Events
    • Pub/Sub Messaging
      • Overview
      • Topics
      • Publish Messages
      • Subscribe to a Topic
      • Pub/Sub Events
      • Monitoring Topic Statistics
    • Continuous Query
      • Overview
      • Use Continuous Query
    • Stream Processing
      • Add/Update Stream Data
      • Retrieve Stream Data
    • JSON
      • Overview
      • Use JSON Objects
      • Query JSON Data
    • Security API
      • Login with Credentials
    • Management API
    • Error Logging
    • Location Affinity
  • Server-side API Programming
    • Loader and Refresher
      • Overview
      • Implement Loader and Refresher
      • Components of Loader/Refresher
    • Data Source Providers
      • Read-through
        • Implement Read-through
        • Use Read-through
      • Write-through
        • Implement Write-through
        • Use Write-through
        • Use Write-behind
    • Custom Dependency
      • Implement Extensible Dependency
      • Implement Bulk Extensible Dependency
      • Implement Notify Extensible Dependency
    • Bridge Conflict Resolver
    • Entry Processor
      • Overview
      • Implement Entry Processor
    • MapReduce
      • Overview
      • Implement MapReduce
      • Use MapReduce
    • MapReduce Aggregator
      • Overview
      • Implement and Use Aggregator
    • Compact Serialization
  • Client Side Features
    • ASP.NET Core Caching
      • Session Storage
        • Session Provider
        • IDistributedCache
        • Sessions Usage
        • Multi-site Session Provider
        • Session Sharing with ASP.NET
      • SignalR
        • SignalR Core Integration for NCache
      • Response Caching
        • Configure and Use
        • Configure with IDistributedCache
      • Data Caching
        • NCache API
        • IDistributedCache API
      • Data Protection Provider
        • Configure
    • Java Web App Caching
      • Web Sessions
        • Overview
        • Configure App
          • Add Maven Dependencies
          • Deploy Application
        • Multi-site Sessions
    • Node.js App Caching
      • Web Sessions
    • ASP.NET Caching Benefits and Overview
      • ASP.NET Session State Provider Properties
      • Multi-region ASP.NET Session State Provider Configuration
      • Session Sharing between ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core
      • ASP.NET SignalR Backplane
        • NCache Extension for SignalR
      • ASP.NET View State Caching
        • View State Content Optimization Configuration
        • Group View State with Sessions
        • Limit View State Caching
        • Page Level Grouping
      • ASP.NET Output Cache
        • Output Caching Provider Overview
        • Output Cache with Custom Hooks
  • .NET Third Party Integrations
    • Entity Framework (EF) Core
      • Installation
      • Configure
      • EF Core Extension Methods
        • Extension Methods
        • Cache Handle
        • Caching Options
        • Query Deferred API
      • Logging in EF Core
    • Entity Framework EF 6
      • EF Second Level Cache
      • EF Caching Resync Provider
      • EF Caching Configuration File
    • NHibernate
      • Second Level Cache
      • Query Caching
      • Synchronize Database with Cache
    • Debug NCache Providers in Visual Studio
  • Java Third Party Integrations
    • Hibernate
      • Second Level Cache
      • Configure Cacheable Objects and Regions
      • Configure Application
      • Query Caching
    • Spring
      • Overview
      • Use NCache with Spring
        • Configure Generic Provider
        • Configure JCache Spring Caching Provider
        • Configure Caching Declaration
        • Configure Spring Sessions
    • JCache API
      • CRUD Operations
      • Expiration
      • Events
  • Third-Party Wrappers
    • AppFabric to NCache Migration
      • AppFabric API vs. NCache API
      • Configuration Differences Between AppFabric and NCache
      • Migrating from an AppFabric Application to NCache
    • Redis to NCache Migration
      • Redis to NCache Migration
    • Memcached Wrapper
      • Memcached Gateway Approach
      • Memcached Client Plugin for .NET

Sets Behavior and Usage in Cache

A HashSet is an unordered data structure that does not contain duplicate values. For example, a HashSet can be used to store the user ID of all users logging into an e-commerce site on a given day. If the user logs in again, the ID is not stored as duplicate values are not allowed.

NCache further enhances HashSet by providing NCache specific features such as Groups, Tags, Expiration, Locking, Dependencies, and more.

Behavior

  • A HashSet can only be of primitive type.
  • HashSets are named. Hence, you need to provide a unique cache key for each HashSet.
  • Null is not a supported value type.
  • Duplicate values are not supported.

Prerequisites

  • .NET
  • Java
  • Python
  • To learn about the standard prerequisites required to work with all NCache client-side features, please refer to the given page on Client-Side API Prerequisites.
  • For API details, refer to: ICache, IDistributedHashSet, IDataTypeManager, CreateHashSet, GetHashSet, StoreUnion, StoreIntersection, StoreDifference, Remove, RegisterNotification, DataTypeDataNotificationCallback, EventType, DataTypeEventDataFilter, Lock, Unlock.
  • To learn about the standard prerequisites required to work with all NCache client-side features, please refer to the given page on Client-Side API Prerequisites.
  • For API details, refer to: Cache, DistributedHashSet, getDataStructuresManager, createHashSet, getHashSet, storeUnion, storeIntersection, storeDifference, EventType, getEventType, DataStructureDataChangeListener, onDataStructureChanged, DataStructureEventArg, DataTypeEventDataFilter, getCollectionItem, lock, unlock.
  • To learn about the standard prerequisites required to work with all NCache client-side features, please refer to the given page on Client-Side API Prerequisites.
  • For API details, refer to: Cache, DistributedHashSet, DataStructureManager, get_data_structures_manager, create_hashset, get_hashset, store_union, store_intersection, store_difference, get_iterator, remove, remove_random, get_event_type, DataTypeEventDataFilter, EventDataFilter.

Create HashSet and Add Data

Note

A set can not contain duplicate values.

The following code sample creates two HashSets of int type in the cache using CreateHashSet for users logging in on Monday and Tuesday. It then adds data to these two HashSets.

Tip

You can also configure searchable attributes such as Groups/Tags/Named Tags and invalidation attributes such as Expiration/Eviction/Dependency while creating a data structure.

  • .NET
  • Java
  • Python
// Precondition: Cache must be connected

// Create unique keys for HashSets
string mondayUsersKey = "MondayUsers";
string tuesdayUsersKey = "TuesdayUsers";

// Create HashSets of int type
IDistributedHashSet<int> userSetMonday = cache.DataTypeManager.CreateHashSet<int>(mondayUsersKey);

// Add user IDs for Monday
userSetMonday.Add(1223);
userSetMonday.Add(34564);
userSetMonday.Add(3564);
IDistributedHashSet<int> userSetTuesday = cache.DataTypeManager.CreateHashSet<int>(tuesdayUsersKey);

// Add userIDs for Tuesday
UserSetTuesday.Add(4545);
UserSetTuesday.Add(34564);
UserSetTuesday.Add(3564);
UserSetTuesday.Add(7879);
// Precondition: Cache must be connected

// Create unique keys for HashSets
String mondayUsersKey = "MondayUsers";
String tuesdayUsersKey = "TuesdayUsers";

// Create HashSets of int type
DistributedHashSet userSetMonday = cache.getDataStructuresManager().createHashSet(mondayUsersKey, Integer.class);

// Add user IDs for Monday
userSetMonday.add(1223);
userSetMonday.add(34564);
userSetMonday.add(3564);
DistributedHashSet userSetTuesday = cache.getDataStructuresManager().createHashSet(tuesdayUsersKey, Integer.class);

// Add userIDs for Tuesday
userSetTuesday.add(4545);
userSetTuesday.add(34564);
userSetTuesday.add(3564);
userSetTuesday.add(7879);
# Precondition: Cache is already connected
# HashSet with this key already exists in cache

monday_user_key = "MondayUsers"
tuesday_user_key = "TuesdayUsers"

# Create HashSets of int type
user_set_monday = cache.get_data_structures_manager.create_hashset(monday_user_key, int)

# Add user IDs for Monday
user_set_monday.add(1223)
user_set_monday.add(34564)
user_set_monday.add(3564)

user_set_tuesday = cache.get_data_structures_manager.create_hashset(tuesday_user_key, int)

# Add user IDs for Tuesday
user_set_monday.add(4545)
user_set_monday.add(34564)
user_set_monday.add(3564)
user_set_monday.add(7879)
Note

To ensure the operation is fail-safe, it is recommended to handle any potential exceptions within your application, as explained in Handling Failures.

Perform Union and Intersection on HashSets

NCache also provides support for native HashSet operations such as Union, Intersection, and Difference. The following code example creates three HashSets of the int type that store the Union, Intersection, and Difference of the two HashSets userSetMonday and userSetTuesday created in the previous example:

  • .NET
  • Java
  • Python
// Create unique keys for HashSets
string totalUsersKey = "TotalUsers";
string weeklyUsersKey = "WeeklyUsers";
string differenceKey = "Difference";

// Create HashSets of int type
IDistributedHashSet<int> userSetTotal = cache.DataTypeManager.CreateHashSet<int>(totalUsersKey);
IDistributedHashSet<int> userSetWeekly = cache.DataTypeManager.CreateHashSet<int>(weeklyUsersKey);
IDistributedHashSet<int> userSetDifference = cache.DataTypeManager.CreateHashSet<int>(differenceKey);

// userSetTotal will contain unique values from the HashSets userSetMonday and userSetTuesday after union
userSetMonday.StoreUnion(totalUsersKey, tuesdayUsersKey);

// userSetWeekly will contain common values from the HashSets userSetMonday and userSetTuesday after intersection
userSetMonday.StoreIntersection(weeklyUsersKey, tuesdayUsersKey);

// userSetDifference will contain the difference between the HashSets userSetMonday and userSetTuesday
userSetMonday.StoreDifference(differenceKey, tuesdayUsersKey);
// Precondition: Cache must be connected

// Create unique keys for HashSets
String totalUsersKey = "TotalUsers";
String weeklyUsersKey = "WeeklyUsers";
String differenceKey = "Difference";

// Create HashSets of int type
DistributedHashSet userSetTotal = cache.getDataStructuresManager().createHashSet(totalUsersKey, Integer.class);
DistributedHashSet userSetWeekly = cache.getDataStructuresManager().createHashSet(weeklyUsersKey, Integer.class);
DistributedHashSet userSetDifference = cache.getDataStructuresManager().createHashSet(differenceKey, Integer.class);

// userSetTotal will contain unique values from the HashSets userSetMonday and userSetTuesday after union
userSetMonday.storeUnion(totalUsersKey, tuesdayUsersKey);

// userSetWeekly will contain common values from the HashSets userSetMonday and userSetTuesday after intersection
userSetMonday.storeIntersection(weeklyUsersKey, tuesdayUsersKey);

// userSetDifference will contain the difference between the HashSets userSetMonday and userSetTuesday
userSetMonday.storeDifference(differenceKey, tuesdayUsersKey);
# Precondition: Cache is already connected
# HashSet with this key already exists in cache

total_users_key = "TotalUsers"
weekly_users_key = "WeeklyUsers"
difference_key = "Difference"

# Create HashSets of int type
user_set_total = cache.get_data_structures_manager.create_hashset(total_users_key, int)
user_set_weekly = cache.get_data_structures_manager.create_hashset(weekly_users_key, int)
user_set_difference = cache.get_data_structures_manager.create_hashset(difference_key, int)

# user_set_total will contain unique values from the HashSets total_users_key and tuesday_users_key after union
user_set_total.store_union(total_users_key, tuesday_users_key)

# user_set_weekly will contain common values from the HashSets weekly_users_key and tuesday_users_key after intersection
user_set_weekly.store_intersection(weekly_users_key, tuesday_users_key)

# user_set_difference will contain the difference between the HashSets difference_key and tuesday_users_key
user_set_difference.store_difference(difference_key, tuesday_users_key)

Fetch HashSet from Cache

You can fetch a HashSet from the cache using GetHashSet which takes a cache key as a parameter. This key is the name of the HashSet, which is specified during HashSet creation.

Warning

If the item being fetched is not of HashSet type, a Type mismatch exception is thrown.

  • .NET
  • Java
  • Python
// HashSet with this key already exists in cache
string key = "ProductIDSet";

// Get HashSet and show items of HashSet
IDistributedHashSet<int> retrievedHashSet = cache.DataTypeManager.GetHashSet<int>(key);
if (retrievedHashSet != null)
{
    foreach (var item in retrievedHashSet)
    {
        // Perform operations
    }
}
else
{
    // HashSet does not exist
}
// Precondition: Cache is already connected

// HashSet with this key already exists in cache
String key = "ProductIDSet";

// Get HashSet and show items of HashSet
DistributedHashSet retrievedHashSet = cache.getDataStructuresManager().getHashSet(key, Integer.class);
if (retrievedHashSet != null) {
    for (var item : retrievedHashSet) {
        // Perform operations
    }
} else {
    // HashSet does not exist
}
# Precondition: Cache is already connected
# HashSet with this key already exists in cache
key = "ProductIDSet"

# Get hashset and show items of hashset
retrieved_hash_set = cache.get_data_structures_manager().get_hashset(key, int)

if retrieved_hash_set is not None:
    for item in retrieved_hash_set.get_iterator():
        # Perform operations
        print(item)
else:
    # HashSet does not exist
    print("Set not found")

Remove Items from HashSet

Items can be removed from a HashSet either by specifying the item itself or at random. The following code sample removes the users of Monday from the weekly users HashSet (which have already been added to the cache).

Tip

To remove the whole set from the cache, refer to the Remove Data Structures from Cache page.

  • .NET
  • Java
  • Python
// Get existing HashSets
string userIDMondayKey = "UserIDMonday";
string userIDWeeklyKey = "UserIDWeekly";
IDistributedHashSet<int> userSetMonday = cache.DataTypeManager.GetHashSet<int>(userIDMondayKey);
IDistributedHashSet<int> usersWeekly = cache.DataTypeManager.GetHashSet<int>(userIDWeeklyKey);

// Remove users of Monday from Weekly HashSet
var removedItem = usersWeekly.Remove(userSetMonday);
// Precondition: Cache must be connected

// Get existing HashSets
String userIDMondayKey = "UserIDMonday";
String userIDWeeklyKey = "UserIDWeekly";
DistributedHashSet userSetMonday = cache.getDataStructuresManager().getHashSet(userIDMondayKey, Integer.class);
DistributedHashSet usersWeekly = cache.getDataStructuresManager().getHashSet(userIDWeeklyKey, Integer.class);

// Remove users of Monday from Weekly HashSet
var removedItem = usersWeekly.remove(userSetMonday);
# Precondition: Cache must be connected
# Get existing HashSets
user_id_monday_key = "UserIDMonday"
user_id_weekly_key = "UserIDWeekly"

user_set_monday = cache.get_data_structures_manager().get_hashset(user_id_monday_key, int)

users_weekly = cache.get_data_structures_manager().get_hashset(user_id_weekly_key, int)

# Remove users of Monday from Weekly set
users_weekly.remove(user_set_monday)

# Remove Random users from weekly set
users_weekly.remove_random()

Event Notifications on HashSet

You can register cache events, key-based events, and data structure events on a data structure such as a HashSet. For behavior, refer to feature wise behavior.

The following code sample registers a cache event of ItemAdded and ItemUpdated as well as registers an event for ItemAdded and ItemUpdated on the set-in cache. Once a HashSet is created in the cache, an ItemAdded cache-level event is fired. However, once an item is added to the HashSet, an ItemAdded data structure event is fired, and an ItemUpdated cache level event is fired.

Register Event on HashSet Created

  • .NET
  • Java
  • Python
// Unique cache key for hashset
string key = "UserIDMonday";

// Create hashset
IDistributedHashSet<int> hashset = cache.DataTypeManager.CreateHashSet<int>(key);

// Register ItemAdded, ItemUpdated, ItemRemoved events on HashSet created
// DataTypeNotificationCallback is callback method specified
hashset.RegisterNotification(DataTypeDataNotificationCallback, EventType.ItemAdded |
        EventType.ItemUpdated | EventType.ItemRemoved,
        DataTypeEventDataFilter.Data);

// Perform operations
// Precondition: Cache is already connected

// Unique cache key for hashset
String key = "UserIDMonday";

// Create HashSet
DistributedHashSet<Integer> hashSet = cache.getDataStructuresManager().createHashSet(key, Integer.class);

// Create EnumSet of event types
EnumSet<EventType> enumSet = EnumSet.of(com.alachisoft.ncache.runtime.events.EventType.ItemAdded,
        EventType.ItemUpdated, EventType.ItemRemoved);

// Register ItemAdded, ItemUpdated, ItemRemoved events on HashSet created
// dataChangeListener is the specified callback method
DataStructureDataChangeListener dataChangeListener = dataStructureListener.onDataStructureChanged(collectionName, args);
hashSet.addChangeListener(dataChangeListener, enumSet, DataTypeEventDataFilter.Data);

// Perform operations
def datastructure_callback_function(collection_name, collection_event_args):
    # Perform Operations
    print("Event Fired for " + str(collection_name))

    # Precondition: Cache is already connected
    # Unique cache key for hashset
    key = "UserIDMonday"

    # Create hashset
    monday_user_set = cache.get_data_structures_manager().create_hashset(key, int)

    # Register ItemAdded, ItemUpdated, ItemRemoved events on hashset created
    events_list = [ncache.EventType.ITEM_ADDED, ncache.EventType.ITEM_UPDATED, ncache.EventType.ITEM_REMOVED]

    monday_user_set.add_change_listener(datastructure_callback_function, events_list, ncache.DataTypeEventDataFilter.DATA)

    # Perform operations

Specify Callback for Event Notification

  • .NET
  • Java
  • Python
private void DataTypeDataNotificationCallback(string collectionName, DataTypeEventArg collectionEventArgs)
{
    switch (collectionEventArgs.EventType)
    {
        case EventType.ItemAdded:
            // Item has been added to the collection
        break;
        case EventType.ItemUpdated:
            if (collectionEventArgs.CollectionItem != null)
            {
                // Item has been updated in the collection
                // Perform operations
            }
        break;
        case EventType.ItemRemoved:
            // Item has been removed from the collection
        break;
    }
}
DataStructureDataChangeListener dataStructureListener = new DataStructureDataChangeListener() {
    @Override
    public void onDataStructureChanged(String collection, DataStructureEventArg dataStructureEventArg) {
        switch (dataStructureEventArg.getEventType()) {
            case ItemAdded:
                // Item has been added to the collection
            break;
            case ItemUpdated:
                if (dataStructureEventArg.getCollectionItem() != null) {
                    //Item has been updated in the collection
                    // perform operations
                }
            break;
            case ItemRemoved:
                //Item has been removed from the collection
            break;
        }
    }
};
def datastructure_callback_function(collection_name: str, collection_event_args: DataStructureEventArg):
    if collection_event_args.get_event_type() is ncache.EventType.ITEM_ADDED:
        # Item has been added to the collection
        print("Item added in " + collection_name)

    elif collection_event_args.get_event_type() is ncache.EventType.ITEM_UPDATED:
        # Item has been updated in the collection
        print("Item updated in " + collection_name)

    elif collection_event_args.get_event_type() is ncache.EventType.ITEM_REMOVED:
        # Item has been removed from the collection
        print("Item removed from " + collection_name)

Locking HashSet

A HashSet can be explicitly locked and unlocked to ensure data consistency. The following code sample creates a HashSet and locks it for a period of 10 seconds using Lock and then unlocks it using Unlock.

  • .NET
  • Java
// HashSet exists with key "UserIDMonday" Cache Key
string key = "UserIDMonday";

// Get HashSet
IDistributedHashSet<int> hashset = cache.DataTypeManager.GetHashSet<int>(key);

// Lock HashSet for 10 seconds
bool isLocked = hashset.Lock(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
if (isLocked)
{
    // HashSet is successfully locked for 10 seconds
    // Unless explicitly unlocked
}
else
{
    // HashSet is not locked because either:
    // HashSet is not present in the cache
    // HashSet is already locked
}

hashset.Unlock();
// Precondition: Cache is already connected

// HashSet exists with key "UserIDMonday" Cache Key
String key = "UserIDMonday";

// Get HashSet
DistributedHashSet hashset = cache.getDataStructuresManager().getHashSet(key, Integer.class);

// Lock HashSet for 10 seconds
boolean isLocked = hashset.lock(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
if (isLocked) {
    // HashSet is successfully locked for 10 seconds
    // Unless explicitly unlocked
} else {
    // HashSet is not locked because either:
    // HashSet is not present in the cache
    // HashSet is already locked
}
hashset.unlock();

Additional Resources

NCache provides a sample application for the HashSet data structure on GitHub.

See Also

.NET: Alachisoft.NCache.Client.DataTypes namespace.
Java: com.alachisoft.ncache.client.datastructures namespace.
Python: ncache.client.datastructures class.

In This Article
  • Behavior
  • Prerequisites
  • Create HashSet and Add Data
  • Perform Union and Intersection on HashSets
  • Fetch HashSet from Cache
  • Remove Items from HashSet
  • Event Notifications on HashSet
    • Register Event on HashSet Created
    • Specify Callback for Event Notification
  • Locking HashSet
  • Additional Resources
  • See Also

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